2017年10月21日 星期六

當你感到有壓力時,善待自己

工作倦怠是一個嚴重的問題。它會讓你感到情緒上的疲憊,引起憤世嫉俗,妨礙你的工作表現。
如果你注意到這些極端壓力的迹象,那麼你就別想打起精神來,這只會使情况變得更糟。
相反地,要對自己和正在經歷的事情感同身受。
首先考慮一下你可能會產生不必要的壓力:例如,你是否為自己設定了不切實際的期望?記住,我們每天只有幾個小時的時間。當你感到過度壓力時,承認它,並意識到其他人在同樣的情况下也會有同樣的感受。
善待自己,而不是自我批評
改變你的心態從感覺威脅到自我同情,增强你的彈性,使你更有可能從一個緊張的狀態恢復回來。

Be kind to yourself when you feel stressed
Burnout is a serious problem. It can cause you to be emotionally exhausted, cynical, and hinder your performance.
If you notice the signs of extreme stress, then you don't want to get up and this will only make things worse.
On the contrary, be emotionally attached to yourself and what you are experiencing.
First consider you may lead to unnecessary pressure. For example, if you set for yourself unrealistic expectations? Remember, every day we have a few hours. When you feel excessive pressure, admit it, and be aware of other people in the same circumstances will have the same feelings.
Be good to yourself, not self-criticism.
Changing your mind, feeling threatened, self-compassion, increasing your resilience, makes you more likely to come back from a stressful state.

重塑困難的對話,讓你恢復鎮定

如果你正在準備一個艱難的對話你容易感到緊張、生氣或心煩意亂。為了儘量減少那些負面情緒,試著把討論看作是一次不免費的談話。
例如,與其討論負面回饋,不如把它看作是關於發展的建設性對話。或者,你不是在對你的老闆說“不”,而是在提供另一種解決方案。
當你把這些討論看作是正常的對話,並以好奇和開放的態度對待它們時,這種討論往往是最好的。
當然,不要愚弄自己。要做誠實地對話可能會有困難,但盡可能把它作為一個建設性的框架。你可能會告訴自己:“我們可能不得不談論困難的事情,但我們會一起努力,因為老陳和我一直都很尊敬對方。”

Reinventing the difficult dialogue to restore your calmness
If you are preparing for a difficult conversation, you may feel nervous, angry or upset. In order to minimize those negative emotions, try to regard the discussion as a free conversation.
For example, instead of discussing negative feedback, we should regard it as a constructive dialogue about development. Or, you are not saying "no" to your boss, but are offering another solution.
When you regard these discussions as normal dialogues and treat them with curiosity and openness, this discussion is always the best.
Of course, don't fool yourself. It can be difficult to have honest dialogue, but try to make it a constructive framework. You may tell yourself, "we may have to talk about difficult things, but we will work together, because Lao Chen and I have always respected each other."

2017年10月20日 星期五

遇到難應付的老闆了?和她的前員工談談

如果你遇到一位老闆不怎麼指導你也不知道如何支持你,你自己得決定好你需要些什麼。
如果你正巧認識某人也曾經跟過這個老闆,就設法邀請她一起喝個咖啡。向她說明你正預備積極發展你的工作角色,你希望獲得老闆的支持,也得到老闆的指導,但是也說明你現有的處境。
要安排是一場求教學習的氛圍,而非你藉機抱怨發洩。你應該虛心請教,究竟如何才能獲得老闆的信任?
要注意,即使你對這個人熟悉、信任她,還是要謹慎你們之間的對話內容有可能會回流到你的老闆的耳朵。

Do you encounter a difficult boss? Talk to her former employee
If you meet a boss who doesn't guide you and doesn't know how to support you, you have to decide what you need.
If you happen to know someone who has been with the boss, try to invite her to have a coffee. Tell her that you are preparing to actively develop your work role. You want to get your boss's support and boss's guidance, but also indicate your current situation.
The arrangement is an atmosphere of learning, not a complaint from. You should humbly ask how you can gain the trust of your boss
Be careful, even if you are familiar with the person, trust her, or be careful that the conversation between you may return to your boss's ears.

2017年10月18日 星期三

如何做筆記?

在學習知識的過程中,除了閱讀以外,建立筆記,不僅可以讓你記錄書本中的重要內容,幫助你記憶,也有助於你確實消化所閱讀到的知識。隨著你閱讀理解的深入,以及擴及的閱讀資料的增加,你也會不斷地更新你的筆記內容。在經過你精心分類整理后,你就有機會讓你的筆記內容成為你獨有的知識系統,也讓你能夠寫出一篇篇精彩的文章

每個人有自己的學習風格,可以採用最適合自己的知識整理方式,包含建立筆記。以下,我介紹我自己做筆記的心得,供參考。

A、   認識筆記:
  1. 最原始的筆記內容不是書本,也不是文章,它就是一堆隨手記下的文字或是有助於你辨識的符號、圖案。這樣的筆記內容,多半只有你自己看得懂。
  2. 你最初始的筆記形式,可能是在書本扉頁上隨手寫下,可能是在書頁中劃mark, 或是比較正式的以另外一本空白的紙本筆記本開始寫,或是在電腦上打字記錄,做成文件。進步的筆記工具,例如EverNote,有更豐富、更有生產力的各種輔助工具,例如關鍵字、文件分類、網頁摘取,等等。這些電腦筆記工具的使用,我另有專門欄目介紹。我正在參與發展的思路家雲筆記工具與知識發展平台,更是未來很強力的筆記系統。
  3. 筆記有助於你記憶,或是聯想,在你腦中逐漸成為清晰的概念。最初始的筆記內容,可能是摘取所閱讀的書本的部分文句,也可以記下你最初始的認識,或是寫下你的疑問,或是提醒自己如何進行下一步的行動
  4.  筆記就是自己知識演化的記錄。就有如生物演化會從單細胞細菌逐漸演化為多細胞細菌進而演化為器官組織最後成為一個獨特的生物在演化過程中,會從土壤、空氣、陽光、水,吸收各種新的元素,也會淘汰掉不利於演化的多餘細胞,逐步進化知識的形成過程也是如此因此,知識系統的建立,會是動態的。你會逐步將你的筆記本,發展為許多新的版本,吸納原來版本中有保留價值的內容,以及新的知識,淘汰掉多餘累贅的內容
  5. 隨著你閱讀更多相關的書本后,你會建立起許多關聯的筆記,進而去找到不同書本內容之間的關聯性或是可以分類成為一個大知識庫之下的子系統更好的價值在於,透過這些個別系統的邏輯或提示,可以幫助你發揮創作力,創造出你獨有的知識觀點。
B、   如何開始做筆記?
  1. 在我的另外一篇【如何快速閱讀,抓住書本要點?】的文章中,我介紹了一個有效率的快速閱讀法。這個閱讀法的目的是讓你先從書本的目錄、書摘、導言、結論,先認識一本書的架構以及書本涵蓋的知識範疇如此對你開始做筆記就會有最基礎的認識知道你所筆記的內容在整本書中可能存在的價值與各條筆記相互之間的關係也就是說就如細胞演化你一開始就要有生物組織構成的概念
  2. 接著,你可以實際展開閱讀,開始做筆記。這個時候,你可以注意一些專有名詞或是新的名詞,或是一些概念的定義,先記錄下來同時,你會注意到一些可能在整本書中可能會重複出現的關鍵字(key word,務必記錄下來。這些會成為你未來建立知識系統中很重要的工具。另外,你可以注意到一些作者或是名人的簡短主張或是評論的文句,這些都會在書本中成為關鍵的發展或是轉折,值得你也記錄下來。或是你也會有些疑問或是聯想都可以隨手記下來可以提醒你接續查明
  3. 你的筆記內容可以有不同的時間順序安排一種是你循規蹈矩的按照書本章節順序一章一章的閱讀與做筆記另外一種是在你對全書架構體系結論精華有了基礎概念后你可以跳躍的選擇你最有興趣或是認為最有價值的章節來先閱讀與做筆記後者的好處是,不會讓你感覺閱讀枯燥,或是產生前途漫漫的疲乏,反而會因為你可以較快的掌握書中最有趣的亮點,而激勵你繼續閱讀更多更深一般的學術性書本,作者都會用很長的篇幅來交待演繹的背景、學術界不同的論述而作者作許多的辯證或是駁斥再用精華的篇幅來做小結或總結若是你能夠先掌握作者的關鍵主張,再回頭追溯他的演繹思想過程,就會比較有效率,也不會讓你的閱讀與筆記過程枯燥而茫然
C、   擴張與了解更多。
  1. 通常,一本學術性書本,作者會交待他的一些觀點是引申哪些人的著作,或是建議你去參閱哪些書籍。他會列出參考書目。這些,是你可以選擇性的閱讀,了解作者思想與知識的來源。
  2. 另外,在閱讀與做筆記的過程中,你腦海里會出現許多聯想,會連接到你過去閱讀過的其他書籍。或是你會產生許多疑惑覺得有必要另外參閱一些其他書籍或資料這些都可以進一步豐富你對相關知識的了解與深度
D、   筆記的整理。
  1. 當你閱讀完一本書,哪怕只是做重點的閱讀,你都有了第一版的筆記上面可能很雜亂有些記在書本扉頁上有些在你手寫的筆記或是電腦打字的文件上這些文字,多半也不一定是個完整的文句,或是充斥一堆只有你認得的符號。甚至當你閱讀完畢書本時你已經忘記了當初鬼畫符一些什麼玩意了你有必要做個複習與整理
  2. 這個時候,你可以拿出另外一本空白的筆記,將有價值的內容謄寫過來,寫成你可以用來對人表述溝通的文句。你這個時候,會開始將原來凌亂的概念,開始整理成為有架構、有邏輯、文句通順的文字,有編輯清楚的圖表
  3. 這個新版本的筆記,外觀就已經儼然是個可以作為簡報的講義形式。儘管還不是全文連貫暢通的書本,而只是許多標題與簡略的內文,但是足夠用來向他人介紹你所吸收到的知識了。
後續,我將另文介紹如何運用你做好的筆記,發展成為你獨有的知識系統。

2017年10月16日 星期一

認識計劃的意義

許多人都知道把握當下的重要性,而也會認為做計劃是沒有意義的。因為未來存在著不確定性。計劃會趕不上變化。
然而,當下也會存在許多的不確定。你早上起床,無法預測你今天是否會生病?上班路上會發生什麼意外?工作的時候,過幾秒是否會停電?
所以,把握當下,真正的意義在趕緊完成,避免臨時出現狀況而被耽擱了。把握當下,就帶著敬畏的精神。
而做計劃的重要意義,在於你基於從把握當下而領悟到的敬畏與應變經驗,來面對未未來可能發生的不確定,預先做好準備。你有了經驗,就更能夠預想你未來可能遭遇的狀況,準備好你的對策。你將更能夠基於你更好的能力,更能夠面對未來,並且因而把握好機會。

Understanding the meaning of plan

Many people know the importance of taking advantage of the present and think that planning is meaningless. Because there is uncertainty about the future. Plans won't catch up. 
However, there are many uncertainties at the moment. When you get up in the morning, you can't predict whether you're going to get sick today. What's going to happen on the way to work? Is there a power outage in a few seconds when you work?
So, to grasp the present, the real meaning is done quickly, to avoid the temporary situation and be delayed. Grasp the present, with the spirit of awe.
The importance of planning is based on the experience of awe and strain that you grasp from the moment, and prepare for the future uncertainty. If you have experience, you can think more about what you might encounter in the future and prepare your countermeasures. You will be more able to be based on your better ability, more able to face the future, and therefore take the opportunity.

2017年10月15日 星期日

說服你的老闆讓你在家工作

在家工作有很多好處:零通勤、更高的生產力和安靜、不間斷的時間。
但不要指望你的老闆會主動或核准讓你在家工作,除非你為它做一個有說服力的例子。
考慮你的具體角色和現實的在家工作時間表是什麼樣子的:從家到星期二和星期四工作嗎?每隔一個星期五?或者彈性工作時間足够了?
然後考慮你的老闆會有哪些顧慮?然後提出可以消除老闆顧慮的作法。例如,你可能會提出參加一個重要的星期五會議,即使那是你在家工作的一天。或是在公司需要你時你可以到公司或是去拜訪客戶讓老闆與同事知道你的作息與聯絡方式
當你有機會在家工作時,比如在休假日或颱風天中,抓住機會展示你在辦公室之外的工作效率與工作成果展現你在家工作比在辦公室工作有更高的工作彈性

Convince your boss to work at home
There are many advantages to work at home: Zero commuting, higher productivity, and quiet, uninterrupted time.
But don't expect your boss to take the initiative or allow you to work at home unless you make a convincing example of it.
What do you look like in your specific role and the real work schedule of your home: work from home to Tuesday and Thursday? Every other Friday? Or is the flexible working time enough?
And then consider the concerns of your boss. And then put forward the way to eliminate the concerns of the boss. For example, you may come up with an important Friday meeting, even if it's the day you work at home. Or, when the company needs you, you can go to the company or visit the customer. Let your boss and colleagues know what you do and how you contact you.
When you have the opportunity to work at home, for example, on vacation or typhoon days, seize the opportunity to show your work efficiency and work results outside the office, showing that you work at home more highly than in office work.

與你的員工建立更好關係的三招

如果人們感覺和你有某種連接關係,那麼即使是困難的對話也不會讓人覺得威脅感不會那麼強烈。
以下三招可以讓你和你的員工建立較強的人際關係:
  1.  隨時和他接觸。看待每個與人發生互動,當成是更多認識他的機會。養成一個習慣,當你每次與員工見面,就問他的工作,或是他的個人生活狀況。
  2. 注意一些人的行為細節。人們會感受到每個發生情緒感應的情況,包含你的問題、姿勢、或是表情。關注他的行為與情緒反應狀態。你有多麼認識你的員工的情緒反應的狀態?你能夠辨別嗎?你也許可以從你的朋友或是家人方面得知你通常是如何傾聽,以及反應他人情緒的?
  3. 經常說謝謝。一般來說,人們對於正面的行為的反應,要數倍與負面的行為。你不需要說過多次的謝謝后,才來批評別人。但是,也需要注意多給人正面的讚美與感謝。
Three ways to build a better relationship with your employees
If people feel connected to you in some way, even difficult conversations don't make people feel less threatening. 
Here are three ways to build strong relationships with your employees: 
  1. Keep in touch with him. Look at everyone's interactions as an opportunity to know more about them. Make it a habit to ask an employee what he or she is doing or what his personal life is like every time you meet with an employee. 
  2. Pay attention to the behavior details of some people. People will feel every emotional sensation, including your problem, posture, or expression. Pay attention to his behavior and emotional reaction. How well do you know the emotional state of your employees? Can you tell? You may be able to learn from your friends or family how you usually listen and respond to other people's emotions? 
  3. Always say thank you. Generally speaking, people react to positive behavior by several times as much as negative behaviors. You don't have to say thank you many times before you criticize others. However, there is also a need to pay more attention to positive praise and gratitude.

認真傾聽,不要急著回應

會傾聽比會說話還困難。即使是很會傾聽的人,有的時候也會不時打斷別人的說話,讓自己說話結巴。
以下的作法能夠讓你做好傾聽:
  1. 避免打斷別人說話。這不是說你得放下手機、關掉你的電腦瀏覽器。就是不要去想你接下來要說什麼,而專注在聽別人正在說什麼。
  2. 複述回去。這看起來好像有些愚蠢,但是複述別人說過的花,可以讓人家感受到你是認真在聽他的話。
  3. 問深入的問題。問一些開放式的問題,可以讓你對問題得到清除的澄清,並且讓你們的對話更深入到對方關切的內容。
Listen carefully, don't rush to respond
It's harder to listen than to talk. Even those who listen very well sometimes interrupt people and make themselves stutter.
The following is a good way to listen:
  1. Avoid interrupting others. That doesn't mean you have to put your mobile phone down and turn off your computer browser. Just don't think about what you're going to say next, but focus on what other people are saying.
  2. Re-tell it. It seems silly, but re-telling the flowers that other has said can make you feel that you're listening to him carefully.
  3. Ask questions. Ask open-ended questions that allow you to clear the problem and let your conversation go deeper into each other's concerns.