你對所讀的東西能够保留多少？

我們要吸收的資訊比以往任何時候都多，但要保留所有的知識是另一回事。如果你發現自己在努力使用你所讀到的東西（或者僅僅記住它），那麼你可能就無法有效地學習。

要想成為一個更有效率的學習者，試著做三件事。

1. 把你的閱讀集中在一個主題上幾個月。你越深入研究某個主題，你就越有可能在未來學習它。
2. 定期歸納你所學的知識。當你讀完一些東西後，問問你自己：“這裡有什麼關鍵的啟示？”“如果你不能給自己解釋一個想法，你可能沒有很好地學習到它。
3. 偶爾中斷吸收新資訊。反思你過去讀過的東西是處理它的一個重要部分——不斷吸收新資訊可能會干擾它。給自己時間複習、思考和應用你已經讀過的內容。

Do You Retain Enough of What You Read?

We’re consuming more information than ever before — but retaining all that knowledge is another story. If you find yourself struggling to use what you read (or even just remember it), you probably aren’t learning productively.

To be a more efficient learner, try three things.

1. Focus your reading on a single topic for several months. The deeper you go into a subject, the stronger a foundation you’ll have for learning about it in the future.
2. Regularly synthesize what you have learned. When you finish reading something, ask yourself, “What are the key takeaways here?” If you can’t explain an idea to yourself, you probably didn’t learn it very well.
3. Take occasional breaks from consuming new information. Reflecting on what you’ve read in the past is an important part of processing it — and constantly taking in new information can interfere with that. Give yourself time to review, consider, and apply what you’ve already read. 

在家族企業工作？創建自己的人脈

當你在家族企業工作時，你可以假設你將繼承家庭人，但你仍然必須積極主動地建立自己的交際圈。

妳可以與父母或祖父母輩的同齡人建立聯系。從不同的背景和經驗水准接觸有助於你獲得很多觀點。考慮一下與現有商業夥伴之間的關係，可以跨代轉換。

保持這些長期聯系很重要，但不會自行發生。你也應該有兩個或三個親密顧問，你信任的人給你回饋和建議。

他們不一定是你這個年齡段的人；有時候，年長的同事也可以給你和你父母一樣的觀點——沒有情感包袱。不要害怕使用你的家族品牌。如果你的姓氏可以為你打開門，就好好利用這些機會。

Work in a Family Business? Create Your Own Network

When you work in a family business, you may assume that you’ll inherit the family network. You might be handed a few contacts, but you still have to be proactive in building your own rolodex.

Form connections with both peers and people from your parents’ or even your grandparents’ generation. Having contacts from a variety of backgrounds and experience levels will help you get many points of view. Think about which relationships with existing business partners can be transitioned across generations.

Maintaining those longstanding ties is important, but it won’t happen on its own. You should also have two or three close advisers, people you trust to give you feedback and advice.

They don’t have to be people your age; sometimes older colleagues can give you the same perspective that your parents would, for example — without the emotional baggage. And don’t be afraid to use your family brand. If your last name can open doors, take advantage of those opportunities.

沒時間去度假嗎？安排一個小憩吧

計畫度假會讓人筋疲力盡，這就是為什麼“小憩”如此有用。例如，短途旅行，兩到三天的時間，去當地的某個地方可以幫助你放鬆，而不需要太多的計畫或後勤。如果一個較長的旅程對你來說是不現實的話，一個小憩也是有用的。

為了讓時間盡可能地新鮮，星期五早點離開城鎮，這樣你就有額外的一天去探索這個地區。或者，你可能只休一天假，然後用它和朋友重新聯系，會見一些人吃午飯，在他們結束工作日之後與他人聚會。

這些短暫的休息可能不會帶來大假期的所有好處，當你可以完全中斷一兩個星期的時間，但是它們仍然給你一種“有空間呼吸”的感覺——你可以更經常地去休假。

No Time for a Vacation? Take a Minibreak

Planning for a vacation can be exhausting, which is why shorter “minibreaks” are so useful. For example, taking a short trip, two to three days long, to somewhere local can help you relax without requiring a lot of planning or logistics. (A minibreak is also useful if a longer trip just isn’t practical for you right now.)

To make the time as refreshing as possible, leave town early on Friday so that you have an extra day to explore the area. Or you might take a single vacation day and use it to reconnect with friends, meeting some for lunch and getting together with others after they finish their workday.

These short breaks may not have all the benefits of a big vacation, when you can completely disconnect for a week or two, but they still give you the feeling of having “room to breathe” — and you can take them a lot more often.

與其抱怨同事，不如和他們談談

老實說：有時候抱怨同事感覺很好。但是，雖然它有助於你釋放壓抑的情緒，但發洩只是一種橫向的作為。換句話說，我們通常向朋友或同事抱怨，我們很少面對我們抱怨的人。所以下次你要抱怨的時候，試著把它帶到問題的根源。

比如說，一個同事在開會時大喊大叫。你的第一本能可能是向另一比特同事抱怨他們粗魯的行為。取而代之的是，花些時間冷靜下來。想想到底是什麼困擾了你，你想抱怨什麼（在會議中大喊大叫和不尊重別人是不好的）。

决定你能做些什麼來改變這個人的行為或改善這種情況（也許說，“請不要在會議中大聲喊叫——讓我們在談話中互相尊重”）。然後找時間跟他談談。

Instead of Complaining About a Colleague, Talk to Them

Let’s be honest: Sometimes complaining about a coworker feels good. But although it helps you release pent-up emotions, venting is a sideways move. In other words, we usually complain to a friend or colleague — and we rarely confront the person we’re complaining about. So the next time you want to complain, try taking it to the source of the problem.

For example, let’s say a coworker yells in a meeting. Your first instinct might be to complain to another colleague about their brash behavior. Instead, take some time to calm down. Think about exactly what bothered you and what you want to complain about (it’s not OK to yell and disrespect others in a meeting).

Decide what you can do to shift the person’s behavior or improve the situation (perhaps saying, “Please don’t shout in meetings — let’s respect each other in our conversations”). And then follow through by speaking to the person later. 

拓展思維解决複雜問題

太多的領導者在處理複雜的問題時是思考：答案是對還是錯，是好是壞，是贏還是輸。要培養細緻入微的觀點，挑戰你對問題的理解。

問問自己，“我在這裡看到什麼？”“還有什麼可能是真的？”不要尋求答案，只要確認你已經知道的。在早晨，當你頭腦清新的時候，第一件事就是解决這個問題。

至少花上一個小時不間斷。確保你給一個複雜的問題有專注的思考，否則可能會更沒有足夠的智慧來處理所要求的任務。

當你工作時，注意你的感受。除了認知上的挑戰擁抱複雜性是一種情感上的挑戰。

你需要管理像恐懼和憤怒這樣的强硬情緒，讓自己遠離飛行或戰鬥模式，這樣你就可以更廣泛地思考。

Solve Complex Problems by Expanding Your Thinking

Too many leaders approach complex problems with either-or thinking: The answer is right or wrong, good or bad, win or lose. To cultivate a nuanced perspective, challenge your understanding of the problem.

Ask yourself, “What am I not seeing here?” and “What else might be true?” Don’t seek out answers that just confirm what you already know. It’s also helpful to tackle this kind of challenge first thing in the morning, when your mind is fresh.

Spend at least an hour on it without interruption. The dedicated time ensures that you give a complex issue the attention it needs — attention that might otherwise be consumed by less intellectually demanding tasks.

And as you work, pay attention to how you’re feeling. Embracing complexity is an emotional challenge in addition to a cognitive one.

You’ll need to manage tough emotions like fear and anger and get yourself out of flight-or-fight mode so that you can think more expansively. 

在人群中，不要讓自己那麼辛苦，帶來一個健談的同事

人脈對你的職業生涯很有好處，但向一屋子的人介紹自己也會消耗精力。下次當你參加一個會議或專業的快樂時光時，考慮帶一個同事來幫忙。

你們兩人可以分別面對不同人群，也就是說，你們每個人都會和不同的人交談，然後分享所知。這樣，你會消耗更少的能量，同時在晚上結束之前收集大量的連絡人。

選擇一個比你外向的同事，和其他人交往會感到興奮。想出一個誰跟誰說話的計畫。記住，在活動期間休息一下恢復精力是可以的。

即使只是幾分鐘的時間，它可以幫助你恢復能量回到和人們聊天。

To Make Networking Less Exhausting, Bring a Talkative Colleague

Networking can be good for your career, but introducing yourself to a roomful of people can also be draining. The next time you attend a conference or professional happy hour, consider bringing along a coworker to help.

The two of you can divide and conquer, meaning you’ll each talk to different people and then share notes. That way you’ll both expend less energy while still gathering a large number of contacts by the end of the night.

Choose a colleague who is more extroverted than you and who gets excited by socializing with others. Come up with a plan for who will talk to whom. And remember that it’s OK to take a break during the event to restore your energy.

Even if it’s just a few minutes long, it might give you the boost you need to get back to making small talk. 

使一段艱難的談話保持在正軌上

有時候，儘管你的意圖是好的，一段艱難的談話卻偏離了軌道。也許是你的對手的情緒使對話陷入困難，或者對話總是脫離了主題。

通過深呼吸，從談話中跳出來，客觀地觀察正在發生的事情，以此來評估情況。你甚至可以對自己描述(在你的頭腦中)：“每次我提到銷售數字，他都會提高嗓門。”

接下來，用平靜的語氣說出你觀察到的情況：“似乎每當提到銷售數字時，你就會提高嗓門。你能幫我弄明白為什麼嗎？“。

然後提出一個新的方法：“如果我們集思廣益，我們可能會想出一個辦法來克服這個問題。你有什麼主意嗎？“。

讓對話回到原來的目標可能就足以讓它回到正軌。

Keep a difficult conversation on the right track

Sometimes, though your intentions are good, a difficult conversation is off track. Maybe your opponent's mood makes conversation difficult or the dialogue is always out of the subject.

Evaluate the situation by taking a deep breath, jumping out of the conversation, and observing what is happening objectively. You can even describe to yourself: "Every time I mention sales figures, he raises his voice."

Then, in a calm voice, say what you've observed: "It seems that whenever you mention sales figures, you raise your voice. Can you help me figure out why? ".

Then a new approach is proposed: "If we brainstorm, we may come up with a way to overcome this problem. Do you have any idea? ".

Letting the conversation return to its original goal may be enough to get it back on track.

當你在找工作的時候，多專注於求職過程

當你申請工作而沒有得到工作時，很容易感到絕望。但不要失去信心——這是招聘經理尋找的一個關鍵特徵。

為了避免絕望，把你的注意力從你想要的結果轉移過來（“我需要一份工作！“），多專注求職過程（“這是我必須做的具體步驟”）。

檢查職位空缺並申請適合自己經驗的職位。參加社交活動，瞭解潜在雇主。與朋友和同事交談，找出誰在招聘。參加課程來提高你的技能。

把注意力放在這些小目標上會減輕你的挫敗感，幫助你感到富有成效，尤其是如果找到一份工作比預期的要長。很多這些任務都是你被錄用後需要做的事情，所以一旦你獲得了一個職位，你就為未來的成功打下了基礎。

雖然招聘通知上沒有要求你投遞應征函后必須跟進，但是你最好在投遞應征函后，打電話給招聘經理或是聘用部門主管，詢問招聘作業進度，做簡短自我介紹，引擎他的注意。通常他會表示感謝你對這個職位的關切。

當然，如果他已經決定不錄用你，而沒有通知你參加面談，你可以詢問他不滿意你的理由。你可以作為參加下一個工作機會招聘的參考改進。

When You’re Looking for a Job, Focus on the Process

When you’re applying for jobs but aren’t getting them, it’s easy to feel desperate. But don’t lose your confidence — it’s a key trait that hiring managers look for.

To keep desperation at bay, shift your focus from the outcome you want (“I need a job!”) to the process you’ll use to reach it (“Here are the specific steps I’ll take”).

Check for job openings and apply for positions that suit your experience. Attend networking events to get to know potential employers. Talk to friends and colleagues to find out who’s hiring. And take classes to improve your skills.

Keeping your attention on these small-scale goals will ease your frustration and help you feel productive, especially if finding a job takes longer than expected. And many of these tasks are things you need to do after you get hired as well, so you’re laying the groundwork for your future success once you do land a position. 

Although the recruitment notice does not require you to follow up after the letter of recruitment, you'd better call the recruitment manager or the head of the hiring department after the letter of recruitment, ask the job schedule, make a brief self introduction, and see the engine's attention. Usually he will thank you for your concern about the position.

Of course, if he has decided not to hire you and has not informed you to attend the interview, you can ask him why he is not satisfied with you. You can use it as a reference for the next job offer.